R&d expenditures as a percentage of gdp reached 0.132% in 2021 in Kazakhstan, according to World Bank. This is 5.10% more than in the previous year.
Historically, R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP in Kazakhstan reached an all time high of 0.293% in 1997 and an all time low of 0.117% in 2018.
Buy annual subscriptions for all our products.