R&D Expenditures (As % of GDP)

Created with Highcharts 6.0.4%00.250.50.7511.251.51.7522.252.52.7533.253.53.7544.254.54.7555.255.55.…5.75
Israel
South Korea
Sweden
Belgium
USA
Japan
Austria
Switzerland
Germany
Denmark
Finland
Iceland
China
France
Netherlands
Source: World Bank
Last Updated: Feb 1, 2023

Based on a comparison of 67 countries in 2021, Israel ranked the highest in R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP with 5.14% followed by South Korea and Sweden. On the other end of the scale was Iraq with 0.032%, Tajikistan with 0.094% and Kyrgyzstan with 0.090%.

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CountryUnit
Albania%
Algeria%
Angola%
Argentina%
Armenia%
Australia%
Austria%
Azerbaijan%
Bahrain%
Belarus%
Belgium%
Bolivia%
Bosnia and Herzegovina%
Botswana%
Brazil%
Brunei%
Bulgaria%
Burkina Faso%
Burundi%
Cambodia%
Canada%
Chad%
Chile%
China%
Colombia%
Congo%
Costa Rica%
Croatia%
Cuba%
Cyprus%
Czechia%
Dem. Republic of the Congo%
Denmark%
Ecuador%
Egypt%
El Salvador%
Estonia%
Ethiopia%
European Union%
Finland%
France%
Gabon%
Gambia%
Georgia%
Germany%
Ghana%
Greece%
Guatemala%
Honduras%
Hong Kong%
Hungary%
Iceland%
India%
Indonesia%
Iraq%
Iran%
Ireland%
Israel%
Italy%
Ivory Coast%
Jamaica%
Japan%
Jordan%
Kazakhstan%
Kenya%
Kuwait%
Kyrgyzstan%
Laos%
Latvia%
Lesotho%
Lithuania%
Luxembourg%
Macao%
Macedonia%
Madagascar%
Malaysia%
Mali%
Malta%
Mauritania%
Mauritius%
Mexico%
Moldova%
Monaco%
Mongolia%
Montenegro%
Morocco%
Mozambique%
Myanmar%
Namibia%
Nepal%
Netherlands%
New Zealand%
Nicaragua%
Nigeria%
Norway%
Oman%
Pakistan%
Palestine%
Panama%
Papua New Guinea%
Paraguay%
Peru%
Philippines%
Poland%
Portugal%
Puerto Rico%
Qatar%
Romania%
Russia%
Rwanda%
Saudi Arabia%
Senegal%
Serbia%
Seychelles%
Singapore%
Slovakia%
Slovenia%
South Africa%
South Korea%
Spain%
Sri Lanka%
Sudan%
Swaziland%
Sweden%
Switzerland%
Syria%
Tajikistan%
Tanzania%
Thailand%
Togo%
Trinidad and Tobago%
Tunisia%
Turkey%
Uganda%
Ukraine%
United Arab Emirates%
United Kingdom%
USA%
Uruguay%
Uzbekistan%
Venezuela%
Vietnam%
Zambia%
World%
20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
...............  .......................................
    .................................0.534............
..........................................0.032...............
             0.6230.5580.5560.4940.457......
             0.2500.2330.2280.1890.179 ...
       ...  ... ...1.92...1.88...1.83......
             3.053.123.063.093.13 ...
             0.2220.2060.1850.1840.200 ...
.....................      .....................
             0.5000.5010.5840.6040.577 ...
             2.432.522.672.863.16 ...
 .................. ....................................
...       ......   0.2190.2160.2000.1950.193 ...
......... ..................  ........................
             1.371.291.121.171.21......
    ....................................0.278.........
             0.9490.7700.7400.7540.832 ...
    ...   ............ ......0.614...0.173 ...
...............      ...............0.213.........
 ....................................0.118..................
             1.691.731.691.681.59 ...
..........................................0.301...............
...............        0.3810.3690.3560.3660.341......
             2.062.102.122.142.24 ...
             0.3650.2710.2610.3120.322 ...
......      ....................................
...  ...         0.4370.4430.4260.371.........
             0.8290.8520.8490.9521.08 ...
             0.4290.3420.4310.5370.553 ...
             0.4770.5220.5440.6160.715 ...
             1.921.671.771.901.93 ...
......      ...............0.406..................
             3.053.092.932.972.89 ...
  ......         .....................
......           0.7190.7080.6790.7240.837 ...
...............        0.1430.1450.1810.1650.175......
             1.471.241.281.421.63 ...
......... ... ...... ...... .........0.274............
             2.122.122.152.192.22 ...
             2.872.722.732.762.80 ...
             2.232.222.202.202.19 ...
...............   ....................................
..................  ... ..................0.069.........
    .....................  0.2990.2860.2700.2810.285 ...
             2.932.943.053.113.17 ...
............... ...... .................................
...            0.9661.011.151.211.28 ...
.........          0.0310.0230.0300.0290.026......
   ..............................0.015...0.040............
             0.7620.7920.8350.8630.926 ...
             1.341.181.321.511.48 ...
        ... ...  2.182.112.082.002.32 ...
             0.6930.6700.6660.656.........
..................... ......... ......0.2450.2380.2260.271 ...
...............     ...... 0.0400.0370.0460.0430.032 ...
         ...  ...0.418...0.830...0.884......
             1.181.181.261.171.23 ...
             4.264.514.664.805.14 ...
             1.341.371.371.421.46 ...
..........................................0.070...............
 .........................................................
             3.243.113.173.223.20 ...
 ............... .....................0.695...............
             0.1700.1420.1270.1170.118  
............... ...... .................................
             0.0970.0800.0800.0630.191 ...
             0.1190.1110.1070.1010.090 ...
 .........................................................
             0.6200.4350.5110.6390.637 ...
   ............ ... .........0.051..................
             1.040.8420.8960.9370.995 ...
...            1.251.271.241.171.18 ...
             0.1360.2350.1720.2010.247 ...
             0.4440.4360.3540.3640.368 ...
          ...... ...0.0130.013............
 ... ... ...     ... 1.281.42...1.04.........
............... ...... ............0.315...0.292...0.158......
             0.7150.5540.5630.5930.589 ...
................................................0.010.........
    .................. ............0.3660.3470.367 ...
             0.4290.3880.3280.3070.284 ...
...            0.3090.2770.2540.2520.237 ...
......  ................................................
             0.1560.1830.1340.1020.093 ...
...     ......... ...  0.3740.3250.3490.5040.363......
  ...... ......... .................................
 ......... ... ... ............0.313..................
 ..........................................0.0350.0640.089 ...
........................ ......... .....................
..................   .................................
             2.152.152.182.142.18 ...
        ... ... ...1.23...1.35...1.41......
 ........................    0.107..................
............... ..........................................
             1.942.042.102.052.15 ...
...........................    0.2520.2610.2280.2180.314 ...
 ...... ... ... ... ... ...0.246...0.236...0.201......
...............    ...... ........................
             0.1200.1450.147............
..........................................0.032...............
    ...... ......    0.0970.1170.1490.1470.138......
   ..................    0.1170.1200.1210.1270.157 ...
    ... ... ... ... ...0.157......0.322.........
             1.000.9631.031.211.32 ...
             1.241.281.321.351.40 ...
..................... ......... ...0.429..................
.............................. ......0.519......0.531.........
             0.4880.4810.5030.5010.478 ...
             1.101.101.110.9901.04 ...
..........................................0.650......0.758......
...           .................. ...
.................. ... ............0.577..................
             0.8110.8380.8720.9190.887 ...
    ..............................0.222...............
             2.172.071.901.811.89......
             1.160.7910.8870.8400.826 ...
             2.202.011.871.952.05 ...
...            0.7310.7500.7630.6870.615......
             3.983.994.294.524.63 ...
             1.221.191.211.241.25 ...
...... ... ... ... ......  0.1090.1290.1280.128.........
    ................................................
.......................................0.268..................
...            3.223.253.363.323.39 ...
...... ......... ......... ......3.04...3.03...3.15......
...... ......... ..................0.020..................
             0.1030.1060.1100.0940.094 ...
............... ...... ...... ........................
        ... ...  0.6160.7781.001.111.14......
........................ ... ... .....................
             0.0870.0910.0910.0840.061......
             0.5940.5650.7000.7180.748......
             0.8770.9380.9531.031.06 ...
         ......... .....................
             0.6150.4830.4490.4710.434 ...
........................... ...... 0.8950.964...1.281.31 ...
             1.631.641.661.701.71......
             2.782.852.903.003.17 ...
 .........         0.3640.3760.4480.3870.483......
             0.1650.1720.1480.1240.114 ...
.........          0.2410.119...............
 ........................ ... ...0.441...0.527...0.532......
    ...... .......................................
             2.102.142.132.202.33 ...